The aeolian sedimentation record of the Thar desert   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. K. Singhvi  Amal Kar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2004,113(3):371-401

A review of the aeolian sedimentary record of the Thar desert is presented. This includes a regional survey of the major dune forms, their genesis and their relationship to climate and other regional landforms. A key aspect of this work is the chronometry of the dunes using luminescence methods. Luminescence dating of sand has enabled quantification of the duration of the phases of sand aggradation and quiescence, time scales of dune migration and the dating of pedogenic carbonates. We demonstrate that the conventional wisdom of synchronicity of dune aggradation with glacial epoch is not true in the context of Thar sands and here only a short durationwindow of opportunity existed for dune aggradation. Luminescence ages further suggest that this window occurred during a transitional climatic regime from glacial to interglacial about 4–10 ka after the glacial epoch. Other inferences included are that:

–	• the aeolian activity in the Thar began over > 150 ka, resolving that Thar is not of anthropogenic origin as suggested previously;
–	• the present spatial extent of the aeolian activity in the Thar is in a contracted stage compared to that in the geological past, which refutes the arguments on its rapid north-eastward expansion;
–	• the current dune migration rates in areas of significant human-induced disturbances are much higher than during the geological past;
–	• the monsoon activity in the Thar varied significantly, from being minimal during the isotopic marine stages 4 and 2 to being close to the present during stage 3;
–	• on shorter time scales the dune activities correlated with the lacustrine records of the region with a phase difference of a few centuries and a periodicity of ∼ 1500 years;
–	• the sand aggradation climate in the southern margin in Gujarat gradually shrank northwards such that in general dunes older than 10 ka are seen in the extreme southern margin and dunes younger than 2ka ages occur mostly in the western part of Rajasthan.

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Subbottom acoustic and sedimentary records of past surface water–groundwater exchange through sinkhole lakes in south Georgia,U.S.A     

J.?A.?HyattEmail author  R.?Gilbert 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(1):32-46

Lake Balboa is a deep sinkhole lake in south Georgia. Subbottom acoustic profiling and long sediment cores reveal four stratigraphic units within >20 m of lacustrine fill above acoustically stratified and faulted Miocene/Pliocene overburden and basement Eocene limestone which hosts the Floridan Aquifer system (FAS). Fill consists of thin, rhythmically bedded, peaty sediments (Unit I), indicative of slow sedimentation in a shallow swamp until 13,110–12,680 cal BP, a mix of desiccated and over-consolidated clay and silty sand (Unit II) implying periodic subaerial exposure of the lake bed until 9470–9025 cal BP, and gyttja associated with a rapid 8 m rise in water level by 9120–9020 cal BP (Unit III), as well as an additional rise of 10 m to modern lake levels (Unit IV). Accumulation of nearly 4.5 m of low permeability gyttja, and higher lake levels have fundamentally changed exchange between surface water and groundwater, reducing by 40% or more the rate of vertical leakage to the FAS and increasing shallow aquifer discharge to the lake.  相似文献   

Features of clay minerals in the YSDP102 core on the continental shelf of the southeast Yellow Sea     

JIANGXuejun QUGaosheng LIShaoquan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(2):201-207

Ninety-eight clay mineral samples from the YSDP102 core were analyzed by x-ray diffractometer to study the four clay minerals: illite, chlorite, kaolinite and smectite. Twenty-eight samples had been analyzed on the laser particle-siz eanalyzer to reveal the particle features of the sediments. Distribution of the clay minerals and the particle characteristics in the YSDP102 core show that the core experienced three different depositional periods and formed three different sedimentary intervals due to different sediment sources and different depositional environments. Features of the clay minerals and the heavy minerals in the YSDP102 core indicate that coarse-grained sediments and fine-grained sediments result from different sources. The Yellow Sea Warm Current has greatly influenced the sedimentary framework of this region since the current‘s formation.  相似文献   

Thresholds of geographic environmental elements in sediment yield of drainage basins     

CHEN Hao  ZHOU Jinxing  CAI Qiangguo  LU Zhongchen & LI Zhongyan Institute of Geographic Sciences  Natural Resources Research  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China  Institute of Forestry Science  Chinese Academy of Forestry Science  Beijing  China  Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China  Computing Institute of Science  Engineering  North China Electric Power University  Beijing  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(2):230-240

Threshold of environmental elements in drainage basin sediment yield refers to, under effect of climate, underlying surface and human activity, a turning point of abrupt changes in drainage sediment yield related to environmental element characteristics. Previous studies on threshold of sediment yield of relevant drainage basins were mainly concentrated on impact of natural zones with a few researches on impact of other environmental elements. Particularly studies on compound environmental element threshold in drainage basin sediment yield remain blank today. Studies indicate that sediment yield in drainage basins is affected by compound interactions and complex actions. Based on single element analysis, the present paper gives quantitatively compound threshold of environmental elements affecting sediment yield of the drainage basin between Hekouzhen and Tongguan in the middle Yellow River by the method of multi-variant, polynomial formula regression analysis.  相似文献   

珠江口沉积柱样^210Pb法年龄测定结果及其环境地球化学意义   总被引：22，自引：3，他引：19  

林瑞芬  闵育顺 《地球化学》1998,27(5):401-411

提供了珠江河口及河道１０个沉积柱＾２１０Ｐｂ法的ＣＦ模式（稳恒放射性通量模式）和ＣＡ模式（稳恒初始放射性模式）的年龄测定结果,并据此讨论珠江三角洲近百年来沉积环境的演化,研究结果表明,西江河道和珠江广州河道１９８０年以前沉积速率为０．５－１．０ｃｍ／ａ．１９８０年以后沉积速率增长加快,９０年代达到４－６ｃｍ／ａ,沉积通量为４－６ｇ／（ｃｍ＾２．ａ）河口沉积速率逐年增长趋势,但一般比河道柱样小得多,  相似文献   

东太平洋深海沉积物小于2μm组分的稀土元素地球化学特征   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

刘季花  梁宏锋 《地球化学》1998,27(1):49-58

用等离子光谱测定了东太平洋９个深海沉积物样品的小于２μｍ组分及全岩的稀土元素,结果显示,小于２μｍ组分及全岩的稀土元素组成均受控于沉积物类型,而二者之间稀土元素组成的差异在钙质和硅质沉积物中出现相反的趋势。元素相分析和稀土元素赋存状态分析表明,这种差异主要由于沉积物物质组成的不同所致,表面在化学组成上,主要与ＭｎＯ,Ａｌ２Ｏ３Ｆｅ２Ｏ３,ＣａＯ含量的变化有关,大多数样品在小于２μｍ组分的稀土组成  相似文献   

Mobility of Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and V in sulphide-bearing fine-grained sediments exposed to atmospheric O2: an experimental study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mats Åström 《Environmental Geology》1998,36(3-4):219-226

 The major aim was to increase our knowledge on the behaviour of Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and V in sulphide-bearing fine-grained sediments exposed to atmospheric oxygen. Samples of this type of sediment collected in a previous investigation at eight sites in western Finland were digested in HClO₄-HNO₃-HCl-HF at 200  °C and in HCl:HNO₃:H₂O at 95  °C (aqua regia), and subjected to extractions with ammonium acetate and hydrogen peroxide. Metals and S in the leachates were determined with ICP-AES. The results of the chemical analyses are compared with previously reported experimental data. The concentrations of Al and Fe in the sulphide-bearing fine-grained sediments are about 7% and 5%, respectively. Of the trace metals studied, Mn is most abundant followed in decreasing order by V>Cr>Ni>Cu>Co. On oxidation of the sediments, high proportions of Co, Mn and Ni, intermediate proportions of Cu but low proportions of Fe, Al, Cr and V are released. The extent of the release of a metal on oxidation is controlled either by (1) the level to which the pH of the sediments drops on oxidation (Al, Cu, Cr, V), (2) the amount of the metal associated with easily reduced phases (metal sulphides) in the sediments (Ni, Co) or (3) the sum of the amount associated with reduced phases and adsorbed on soil compounds (Mn). No control of the release of Fe on oxidation of the sediments was identified. Based on the results of the study it is argued that artificial drainage and the subsequent oxidation of sulphide-bearing sediments will result in extensive leaching of Co, Mn and Ni, moderate leaching of Cu and limited leaching of Cr and V into drainages. The major elements, Fe and Al, have the potential to be mobilised and leached in large amounts, though the proportions mobilised/leached will remain low. It is suggested that the identification of sulphide-bearing sediments with a high potential of metal release should be based on determination of metals in easily mobilised reduced compounds (dissolved e.g. in H₂O₂) and of the level to which the pH of the sediments drops on oxidation. Received: 16 October 1997 · Accepted: 9 March 1998  相似文献   

PREDICTING RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION WITH 2D MODEL FLOODSIM     

W.BECHTELER  M.NUJIC 《国际泥沙研究》1998,(1)

ＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＮＧＲＥＳＥＲＶＯＩＲＳＥＤＩＭＥＮＴＡＴＩＯＮＷＩＴＨ２ＤＭＯＤＥＬＦＬＯＯＤＳＩＭＷ．ＢＥＣＨＴＥＬＥＲ１ａｎｄＭ．ＮＵＪＩＣ２ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＰｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｉｓｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｂｅｆ...  相似文献   

ON THE SELF ORGANIZED CRITICALITY OF NON UNIFORM SANDS   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

Lingkan YAO  Duo FANG 《国际泥沙研究》1998,(3)

ＯＮＴＨＥＳＥＬＦＯＲＧＡＮＩＺＥＤＣＲＩＴＩＣＡＬＩＴＹＯＦＮＯＮＵＮＩＦＯＲＭＳＡＮＤＳＬｉｎｇｋａｎＹＡＯ２ａｎｄＤｕｏＦＡＮＧ３ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＦｒｏｍｔｈｅｖｉｅｗｐｏｉｎｔｏｆｓｅｌｆｏｒｇａｎｉｚｅｄｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｉｔｙ,ｔｈｉ...  相似文献   

休伦湖Saginaw湾沉积物反硝化率的测定及其时空特征   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

杨龙元  WayneS.Gardner 《湖泊科学》1998,10(3):32-38

用N2生成法测定了北美休伦湖Saginaw湾1995年夏季7、8月份沉积物反硝化率,Saginaw湾内湾的沉积物反硝化率为16．0－39．6μmolN2／（m2·h）,外湾沉积反硝化率为22．7　－26．1μmolN2／（m2·h）,比较了不同湖泊沉积物反硝化率数值大小,指出休伦湖Saginaw湾水体现阶段的营养状况为贫－中营养水平．内外湾沉积物反硝化率数值波动大小与Saginaw河及休伦湖的影响有关;N2：TIN通量比值有不随采样时间的变化而变更等特性．在反硝化率测定过程中,反硝化率与O2消耗率之间有明显的正相关关系;沉积物上覆水中NH+4与NO-3之间通量值在变化趋势上有明显的负相关关系。  相似文献